中國社會科學網訊（記者王(wang)廣祿）12月(yue)22日，“新型農(nong)業經營體系構建(jian)與農(nong)業高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展”學(xue)(xue)術論壇在宿(su)(su)遷(qian)(qian)舉行。與會專家學(xue)(xue)者線(xian)上(shang)線(xian)下(xia)互動(dong)(dong)，就推(tui)進農(nong)業高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展的重點任(ren)務、關鍵問(wen)題、典型經驗等開(kai)展研討(tao)交流(liu)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)農(nong)業現(xian)代化和鄉(xiang)村全面振興。論壇由(you)江蘇(su)省哲學(xue)(xue)社(she)會科學(xue)(xue)界聯合(he)會主(zhu)辦(ban)，中(zhong)共(gong)宿(su)(su)遷(qian)(qian)市(shi)委宣(xuan)傳(chuan)部、中(zhong)共(gong)宿(su)(su)遷(qian)(qian)市(shi)委黨校、宿(su)(su)遷(qian)(qian)市(shi)社(she)科聯承辦(ban)。

　　新型農業經營體系事關“三農”未來

　　“要(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)壓艙石和(he)穩定(ding)器作用，必(bi)須大力(li)推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)是未(wei)來(lai)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)方式(shi)和(he)必(bi)然趨(qu)勢，新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)在推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中承擔重(zhong)要(yao)使命。”江蘇省(sheng)社科聯黨(dang)組成員、副(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)席徐(xu)之順提出，新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)是對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基(ji)(ji)本經(jing)營(ying)制(zhi)度的(de)豐富發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，關系(xi)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)供(gong)給(gei)側結構(gou)性改(gai)革(ge)和(he)長遠發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。大國小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)和(he)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)長期存在是我(wo)國的(de)基(ji)(ji)本國情、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)情，要(yao)堅定(ding)新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方向，正確處(chu)理扶持小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)促進(jin)各(ge)類新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)關系(xi)、家庭小(xiao)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)與(yu)適(shi)度規(gui)(gui)模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)關系(xi)，促進(jin)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)和(he)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)機銜(xian)接(jie)。新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)對市場反(fan)應靈敏(min)，對新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)新(xin)技術新(xin)裝備(bei)采用能力(li)強，具有(you)(you)從事綠(lv)色化生產、集約化經(jing)營(ying)的(de)優(you)勢，具有(you)(you)從事新(xin)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、新(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)、新(xin)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)精(jing)神(shen)，是促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)動(dong)能。積極(ji)培(pei)育新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，有(you)(you)利于吸引更(geng)多(duo)優(you)秀人才(cai)，服務(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，優(you)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資源(yuan)要(yao)素配置，推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)鄉村(cun)(cun)全面振(zhen)興。

　　積極探索創(chuang)新新型(xing)農(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)系。浙江農(nong)林大學浙江省鄉村振(zhen)興研究(jiu)院研究(jiu)員潘(pan)偉光認為，新型(xing)農(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)系建(jian)設要走(zou)高效(xiao)生態的新型(xing)農(nong)業(ye)現代化(hua)道(dao)路。穩定和(he)完(wan)善農(nong)村基(ji)本經營(ying)(ying)(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)是全面深化(hua)農(nong)村改革(ge)的基(ji)本前提和(he)重(zhong)要任務，要堅持把發展農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)家庭經營(ying)(ying)(ying)和(he)農(nong)民(min)合作服務組織作為農(nong)村雙層經營(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)新的重(zhong)要基(ji)礎(chu)。創(chuang)新政策制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)環境，深化(hua)戶(hu)(hu)籍制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、土地制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、產權制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、金(jin)融制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)等改革(ge)，以(yi)城鄉綜合改革(ge)推動(dong)(dong)農(nong)業(ye)轉移人口流動(dong)(dong)，扶持壯(zhuang)大新型(xing)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)，形(xing)成規(gui)模經濟。同時(shi)，鼓勵(li)和(he)尊重(zhong)農(nong)民(min)群眾的選擇與實踐(jian)創(chuang)造(zao)，立(li)足基(ji)本國情農(nong)情，有效(xiao)借鑒國外(wai)農(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)系的經驗。

　　以(yi)(yi)組織(zhi)創(chuang)新引領(ling)鄉(xiang)村(cun)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。農業(ye)(ye)(ye)農村(cun)部農村(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)研究中心研究員張照新提出，以(yi)(yi)家庭(ting)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)為基礎、多元主體(ti)融合(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)現代農業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)圖(tu)景(jing)。在數字化(hua)背景(jing)下，農業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)體(ti)系(xi)變革與創(chuang)新的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)在組織(zhi)創(chuang)新，要(yao)以(yi)(yi)大數據推動平臺型企業(ye)(ye)(ye)興起(qi)，推動形成農產(chan)品(pin)生態(tai)圈(quan)；健(jian)全產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)作協(xie)調機制，由商(shang)品(pin)邏輯為主導(dao)向服(fu)(fu)務邏輯為主導(dao)轉(zhuan)變，構建產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)共同體(ti)。鄉(xiang)村(cun)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)路徑(jing)和舉措主要(yao)有三個方面(mian)：一是(shi)建設(she)高(gao)水(shui)平市場經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)系(xi)，為要(yao)素優(you)化(hua)配(pei)置、城鄉(xiang)要(yao)素自由流動創(chuang)造(zao)條件；二是(shi)創(chuang)造(zao)公平競爭的(de)(de)政(zheng)策環境(jing)；三是(shi)強化(hua)鄉(xiang)村(cun)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)軟(ruan)環境(jing)，通過政(zheng)府購買服(fu)(fu)務等(deng)形式完善(shan)服(fu)(fu)務體(ti)系(xi)。

　　培育新型農業經營主體，助力農業高質量發展

　　“建設現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)前進(jin)方向是(shi)培(pei)育新(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體，培(pei)育新(xin)型(xing)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)高質量發(fa)(fa)展的(de)必然(ran)要求。”江蘇省人大(da)常委(wei)會農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村工作委(wei)員會副主任姜葵表示，培(pei)育好(hao)(hao)(hao)新(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體，能夠破解誰(shui)來種地、誰(shui)來種好(hao)(hao)(hao)地難題，壯大(da)鄉村產業(ye)振興(xing)的(de)隊伍(wu)和(he)力量，實現(xian)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶與現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)有機銜接，完善(shan)統分(fen)結合雙層(ceng)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)體制(zhi)。在政策(ce)措施(shi)層(ceng)面，要處理(li)好(hao)(hao)(hao)數量和(he)質量、發(fa)(fa)展和(he)規范(fan)、自(zi)我(wo)發(fa)(fa)展和(he)行(xing)政指導三對關(guan)系，分(fen)級(ji)分(fen)類培(pei)育引導；做好(hao)(hao)(hao)優勢特(te)色產業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展規劃，發(fa)(fa)展主導產業(ye)；完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)基(ji)礎設施(shi)和(he)配(pei)套建設，為新(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體發(fa)(fa)展創造環境和(he)條件(jian)；做好(hao)(hao)(hao)政策(ce)扶持和(he)服務保(bao)障(zhang)，確保(bao)政策(ce)優惠落(luo)(luo)地、落(luo)(luo)實。

　　江蘇省戰略與(yu)發(fa)展研(yan)究中心社(she)會發(fa)展研(yan)究所(suo)副所(suo)長周莉(li)雅認為，新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體有新(xin)型組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式，有利于提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)。家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民合(he)作社(she)、社(she)會化服務(wu)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)、龍(long)頭企(qi)業(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶等主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體構成緊密的(de)多(duo)元化利益(yi)共同體，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)極(ji)大推動了農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)綠(lv)色化、品(pin)牌化、產(chan)業(ye)化程度(du)，提(ti)高(gao)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)性、合(he)作性、服務(wu)性。同時，新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體成長過(guo)(guo)程中也存在(zai)經(jing)營(ying)風險(xian)高(gao)、市(shi)場競爭能(neng)力不強、缺工問題突出、用地指標難落實(shi)、融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)難融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)貴等問題。支(zhi)(zhi)持新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體發(fa)展，要在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)(zhi)持方(fang)面穩定現有農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，完善(shan)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)投入(ru)機制，提(ti)高(gao)職業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民補貼，強化用地保障和融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)保險(xian)支(zhi)(zhi)持；通過(guo)(guo)職業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民培訓和企(qi)業(ye)家精神培育，提(ti)升新(xin)型職業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民上升空間。

　　強化科技服務和金融支持

　　壯(zhuang)大(da)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)力量(liang)。江蘇(su)省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)學院(yuan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經濟與發(fa)(fa)展研究所研究員(yuan)沈貴銀(yin)談(tan)到，市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)是指在市(shi)場(chang)經濟條件(jian)下(xia)，以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)、供銷社(she)、合作社(she)、家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)以及社(she)會(hui)組織等(deng)為主體，通過市(shi)場(chang)經濟活動來傳(chuan)播和(he)推廣農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)成果的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)推廣服(fu)務(wu)(wu)供給模式。壯(zhuang)大(da)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)力量(liang)，能夠更(geng)好地適(shi)應農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展新(xin)要求(qiu)(qiu)、適(shi)應科(ke)技(ji)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)新(xin)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、解(jie)決農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)體系(xi)面臨(lin)的(de)新(xin)問題(ti)，既是推進(jin)新(xin)型經營(ying)主體高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)重(zhong)要途徑，也是構建多元(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)體系(xi)重(zhong)要內容。

　　實(shi)施(shi)鄉村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)戰略(lve)離不(bu)開金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)支持。要不(bu)斷完善(shan)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)政策(ce)，更好地支持家庭(ting)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)發(fa)展。南京(jing)農(nong)業(ye)大學(xue)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)學(xue)院副院長張龍(long)耀認為，在鄉村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)戰略(lve)實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)基礎設(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)提檔升級(ji)、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)教育事業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)勞動力(li)轉(zhuan)移就業(ye)和農(nong)民增收的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)社會保障體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)強(qiang)、健(jian)康鄉村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)推進(jin)、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)居(ju)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)持續改善(shan)，以(yi)及(ji)全民覆蓋、普惠共享、城鄉一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)基本公共服務體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)逐步健(jian)全等(deng)等(deng)，無不(bu)需(xu)要金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)提供資金(jin)支持。農(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)規模化(hua)(hua)、現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)以(yi)及(ji)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)逐年提高(gao)，也會大大提升對資金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求。鄉村(cun)(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)背景(jing)下家庭(ting)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)支持政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)，必(bi)須理(li)順促發(fa)展與強(qiang)監管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)關系，建(jian)(jian)立競爭性的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)系，按照放寬準(zhun)入(ru)、深化(hua)(hua)改革(ge)、健(jian)全風險防(fang)控機制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則促進(jin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)適度(du)(du)競爭，完善(shan)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險管(guan)理(li)體(ti)系，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)家庭(ting)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)信用(yong)體(ti)系，建(jian)(jian)立問題校(xiao)正和市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)退出機制(zhi)。